The Memorial Park ‘Kragujevac October’ is located at the site where, on October 21, 1941, several thousand children and people of various nationalities were executed by the German occupiers. It was founded in 1953, covering an area of 352 hectares, and contains thirty mass graves.
At the entrance to the Memorial Complex is the building of the ‘21st October’ Museum, designed by architect Ivan Antić, completed on February 15, 1976. The museum building features a permanent exhibition related to the suffering of Kragujevac, along with a gallery that permanently displays the painting cycle ‘Kragujevac 1941’ by the artist Petar Lubarda.
Since 1971, every year, a central commemorative ceremony called the ‘Great School Hour’ is held at the site where the Monument to the Executed Students and Professors - ‘V/3’ - was erected.
The ‘Monument to Pain and Resistance’ is the first monument erected within the Memorial Complex ‘Memorial Park’. It is the work of sculptor Anto Gržetić and was erected in 1959. In the marble block, two figures, a man and a woman, are carved, presented in contrast between the cramp of the body struck by a burst of fire at the moment of execution.
Monument to Pain and Resistance
The Monument to the Executed Students and Professors - ‘V/3’ was erected in 1963. It is an original work of art by sculptor Miodrag Živković, inspired by the Roman numeral five, and has been recognized by this name over the past decades. This sculptural work carries multiple layers of symbolism. It resembles severed wings and the helplessness of a fragile bird that separates from the ground, unable to fly. It also symbolizes the class V/3 of the Kragujevac Gymnasium, whose students perished at this site, and the monument was erected in their honor. The Monument to the Executed Students and Professors ‘V/3’ has been a symbol of Kragujevac for several decades.
Monument to the Executed Students and Professors - ‘V/3’
The Crystal Flower Monument was erected in memory of the executed young shoe polishers. It is the work of architect Nikola Delja. This stone, white bud cut by a sword, was erected in 1968. In the central part of the monument, a black part is sculpted, representing the flower's cup. The monument is full of symbolism. Since it marks a mound where innocent Roma children lie, the white flower symbolizes their innocence and purity.
Crystal Flower
This exceptional and highly unusual monument was created by architects Jelica and Gradimir Bosnić. It was erected in 1970 and represents an excellent synthesis of sculptural and architectural form. A path leads from its center to two mounds. With its consistency in generalization and synthesis, purity of form, and a sense of simplicity, the Stone Sleeper is one of the most interesting works of this kind in Serbia.
The Stone Sleeper
The Monument of Resistance and Freedom, created by the author Anto Gržetić, who was also involved in the Monument of Pain and Defiance, was erected in 1966. This is the site where 300 workers and youth from the Military-Technical Institute were executed. It consists of two figures, one of which is struck by a burst of gunfire, contorted in agony, while opposite it stands an obelisk whose vertical form and outstretched arms symbolize the ideals of resistance.
Monument of Resistance and Freedom
The bronze monument A Hundred for One, created by sculptor Nandor Glida, was donated to the ‘Memorial Park’ by the city of Modriča in 1980. The harsh order of General Franz Beme is artistically represented through a network of intertwined human bodies in a painful, dying spasm. Their outlines gradually disappear and transform into the canopy of a large, powerful tree – a symbol of life.
A Hundred for One
Monument-mark of the Croatian people by sculptor Vojin Bakić and architects Josip and Silviana Sajsl, a gift from the Republic of Croatia in 1981. It consists of seven steel discs of varying sizes and represents the focal point of three graves around it. The form of the circle, a symbol of perfection and wholeness from ancient times, is slightly deformed here, showing that any notion of a perfect life has been irrevocably lost due to such a horrific crime committed at this site.
Monument-Mark of the Croatian People
Monument Against Evil, erected in 1991, is the work of sculptor Miguel Romo from Mexico. It is carved from a single marble block in the artistic style of the Maya people, but its theme is Christian. The relief features an intricate network of symbols from the Apocalypse, or the Last Judgment, prompting reflections on the just reward or punishment for deeds committed.
Monument Against Evil
The Monument to the Executed Serbs and Jews, sculpted by Milorad Zorbić, was erected in 1991 as a gift from the Israeli city of Bat Yam and institutions from the Šumadija district. It is located outside the Memorial Park, at the site where, on October 20, 1941, members of the Israeli and Serbian peoples were executed. With its abstract form, consisting of a cube—symbolizing stability and immutability—and dynamically connected parallelepipeds, it represents an eternal memory of the Serbs and Jews who are connected even in death. When viewed from an upper angle, the sculpture symbolizes the six-pointed Star of David.
Monument to the Executed Serbs and Jews
The Monument of Friendship, designed by Romanian architect Anton Stojku, is a gift from the Romanian city of Pitești and was erected in 1994. It is shaped like an open book with spreading pages that slowly transform into the number 21. When viewed from the front, the pages merge to form the shape of a dove, which is a universal symbol of peace.
The Monument of Friendship
Located in the Memorial Park, there are two sculptures, a gift from our great sculptor, Jovan Soldatović, from 1979: ‘Man Without Illusions’ and ‘Fates’.
‘Man Without Illusions’ is situated on the lawn to the left of the entrance gates of the ‘21st October’ museum. The elongated figure of a thin man, with his head lowered and arms and legs crossed, sits on a low chair. His head is drooped onto his chest, and his long arms, holding three withered flowers, are weakly lowered onto his knees. This statue bends more and more under the weight of its sorrow, as though it is striving to close itself and sink into the earth.
Monument ‘Man Without Illusions’
Located in the Memorial Park, there are two sculptures, a gift from our great sculptor, Jovan Soldatović, from 1979: ‘Man Without Illusions’ and ‘Fates’.
The sculpture ‘Fairies’ is located at the very beginning of the Memorial Complex, on a wide grassy plateau in front of the museum building. It is inspired by ancient Slavic mythology, according to which the Fates were deities, three women who came after the birth of a child to determine its destiny or, as it was also called, luck. The beautiful young women represented good luck, while the old and ugly women symbolized bad luck. These harsh, bony figures of old women, holding a newborn in their hands, immediately connect with the Memorial Park and the fate of those who rest on its grounds.
Monument ‘Fairies’
The Memorial Park ‘Kragujevac October’ in Šumarice, Kragujevac, was designated as a cultural heritage – notable site by the Decision of the Kragujevac Municipal Assembly on December 27, 1979 (Official Gazette of the Municipality No. 18/79, dated December 29, 1979). It was categorized as a cultural heritage of exceptional importance by the Decision of the Serbian Assembly (‘Official Gazette of the SRS’ No. 14/79) and registered in the Register of Notable Places, maintained by the Cultural Heritage Preservation Institute Kragujevac.
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